Moreover, several plasma apolipoproteins were significantly correlated with insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (apoC-I and apoC-III; R = 0.21 and 0.23, respectively, p < 0.001) and insulin secretion (HOMA-β) indexes (apoA-IV and apoJ; R = − 0.16 and 0.13, respectively, p < 0.05), or both (apoA-I, apoD, apoH, and apoL1, R = − 0.37–0.15; p < 0.05). Here, APOD is linked to Insulin resistance.