In addition, of the 15 potential differential mediators analyzed, elevated AF concentrations of EN-RAGE, S100A8/A9, and uPA were found to be independently associated with SPTB at < 32 weeks in patients with CI, whereas in patients with an SCX, increased AF levels of APRIL, EN-RAGE, LBP, and TNFR2 were related to SPTB. This evidence concerns the gene TNFRSF1B and atrial fibrillation.