The predominant contributor to COPD is airway inflammation, and small airway inflammation is also the main lesion site of COPD, which will lead to a large number of inflammatory cells leaching, but also release inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α, resulting in restricted airflow and eventually pulmonary fibrosis [32,33]. The gene discussed is CXCL8; the disease is pulmonary fibrosis.