IL10 and influenza: In light of the current controversy over the effects of repeated annual influenza vaccination potentially leading to a loss of vaccine-mediated protection against influenza, we analyzed the effect of vaccination in each study year according to the absolute levels of antibody, cytokines (IFNγ, IL-10, and IFNγ:IL-10) and iGrB across the four study time points and the pre-to 4 weeks post-vaccination response in older adults.