INS and metabolic syndrome: Patients with MAFLD were younger, had a shorter diabetic duration and greater BMI, AST, ALT, ALB, fasting insulin, postprandial insulin, TC, TG, LDL, HOMA-IR, and TyG index levels, and included higher percentages of individuals with histories of smoking, drinking, hypertension, and dyslipidemia than non-MAFLD patients (all P < 0.05) (Table 1).