TGFB1 and pulmonary fibrosis: Interestingly, WVAP has been found to be effective on treating some fibrotic diseases by targeting NF-κB and TGF-β signaling pathways through oral administration in some previous studies, such as carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis (19), pressure overload-induced cardiac fibrosis (20), and bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis (21).