CCL2 and atherosclerosis: On the other hand, oscillatory flow reduces eNOS expression, promotes leukocyte infiltration, smooth muscle proliferation and the secretion of proinflammatory molecules, such as MCP-1 (monocyte chemotactic protein 1), PDGFs (platelet derived growth factor), and endothelin-1 leading to vasoconstriction, increased blood pressure (BP) and atherosclerosis development in larger arteries (21).