E2F1 and endothelial dysfunction: Other possible mechanisms involved in endothelial dysfunction triggered by oscillatory flow include the expression of the transcriptional factor Yes-associated protein (YAP) and its related coactivator PDZ binding motif (TAZ) that enhances cell cycle regulatory genes such as cyclin A1 (CNNA1) and E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) and increases inflammation and monocyte attachment, contributing in turn to endothelial dysfunction (15).