By analyzing the expression levels of DUBs (Supplementary Figure S3C) and their correlation with GALM in gliomas (Supplementary Figures S4; Supplementary Table S3), combined with in vitro experiments (Supplementary Figure S3B), four DUBs were selected, namely, USP18, TNFAIP3, USP39, and USP38 (Figure 9B; Supplementary Table S4). Here, USP39 is linked to central nervous system cancer.