TNF and glioma: Subsequently, the functional analysis of the GMG model revealed how it might play a role, including the “NF-kappa B signaling pathway,” “cell–cell adhesion,” “TNF signaling pathway,” and “leukocyte transendothelial migration.” Our analysis also reported that the innate immune response, the inflammatory response, might be involved in the genesis and development of glioma, revealing the potential immunomodulatory mechanism of GMGs.