KLK3 and prostate carcinoma: Accordingly, it is now indisputable that PSA screening results in a decrease in CSM (by 35% after 18 years of follow-up in the Göteborg arm of the European Randomized study of Screening for Prostate Cancer) and a lower incidence rate of metastatic disease stages, but it is also associated with a substantial risk of overdiagnosis (1, 4).