Based on existing literature, it is understood that IL-6-mediated STAT-3 activation can elicit a pleiotropic effect, which may range from stimulation of proliferation, for example, in hepatocytes (3, 52), to its contrasting growth-suppressive effects in certain cell types like brain tumor, early-stage melanoma, breast carcinoma, or leukemia (53). This evidence concerns the gene STAT3 and breast carcinoma.