TNC and injury: Conversely, preliminary studies demonstrate elevation in pro-stiffening factors such as Tenascin-C (TNC) in the setting of traumatic brain injury with evidence suggesting enhancement of mechanical signaling likely owing to changes in intracranial pressure, injury from intracranial hemorrhage, and direct injury to areas of adult neurogenesis that may affect long-term outcomes and neurodegeneration (29, 39, 40).