CCL2 and congenital rubella syndrome: Many cytokines released during CRS are found to be elevated, and the main cytokines related to the pathogenesis of CRS include IL-6, IL-10, IFN—γ, MCP-1, and GM-CSF (Martinez et al., 2009; Hunter and Jones, 2015; Tanaka et al., 2016; Wang and Han, 2018; Murthy et al., 2019).