NFAT5 and leishmaniasis: It can not only upregulate IL12 but also induce iNOS and NLRP3 inflammasome production (Buxadé et al., 2012) (Cornut et al., 2020) NFAT5 is activated by Brx mediated p38 pathway that often functions when the osmolarity of the cell increases, a phenomena which happens during inflammation and also in case of Leishmaniasis (Kino et al., 2009) (Bogdan, 2020).