In regards to anti-inflammatory cytokine profiles, the majority of studies report significantly lower levels of IL-10-producing regulatory cells in the circulation of relapsing-remitting MS patients (37, 38), whilst one study analysing progressive MS patients reported elevated IL-10 serum levels, along with higher levels of TNFα and IFNγ (39). Here, IL10 is linked to relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.