In acute exacerbation of pulmonary fibrosis, the levels of IL17 and IL23 are increased, and treatment with interleukin-23 antibody can significantly attenuate airway inflammation and fibrosis and reduce IL17 level, suggesting IL23 is essential for the development of acute exacerbation of pulmonary fibrosis (Senoo et al., 2021). This evidence concerns the gene IL37 and pulmonary fibrosis.