ACTA1 and idiopathic interstitial pneumonia: Several studies demonstrated that curcumin inhibits collagen I deposition, expression of α-SMA and vimentin, as well as proliferation and differentiation in TGF-β-induced human and mouse lung fibroblasts or IPF fibroblasts (Smith et al., 2010; Liu et al., 2016b; Chen et al., 2019; Saidi et al., 2019; Chun-Bin et al., 2020).