As reported previously, baicalein attenuates fibroblast differentiation and collagen production in fibroblasts and rat PF models, which may be mediated by regulating the connective tissue growth factor, miR-21, or the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway (MacLusky et al., 1986; Gao et al., 2013; Sun et al., 2020). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is pemphigus foliaceus.