To further elucidate the time-course changes in colonic LRRK2 expression in the disease process of PD, the colonic tissues biopsied from 12 PD patients who had a series of colon biopsied samples (age at the latest biopsy: 75.1 ± 5.8 years; 58% were men) and 14 age- and gender-matched control participants (age at the latest biopsy: 71.4 ± 4.5 years; 57% were men) who underwent a series of colon biopsies were analyzed. The gene discussed is LRRK2; the disease is Parkinson disease.