GFAP and Stroke: Nevertheless, with our co-culture protocol, we were able to show consistent dose-dependent responses of astrocytes on Aβ treatment of co-cultures, typically upregulating GFAP when being exposed to Aβ, similar to other pathological conditions, such as stroke and SCI, with signs of hypertrophy (Figure 5; Pekny et al., 2016; Guttenplan and Liddelow, 2019).