Another indirect connection is the missense mutations of GSK-3 phosphorylation sites found in MAF (v-maf avian musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog), the causative gene of Ayme-Gripp syndrome, where the facial features are similar to those seen in DS (Niceta et al., 2015). This evidence concerns the gene MAF and Aymé-Gripp syndrome.