MAPK1 and cancer: Additionally, ELK1 has been reported to interact with many signalling pathways in human cancers, such as the ELK1-CHOP/death receptor 5 pathway in colorectal cancer [57] and the ELK1-mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma [58] or glioblastoma [59].