Furthermore, no significant difference was observed in the frequencies of CD38+ switched memory, CD38− switched memory, and unswitched memory B cells in patients with new-onset T1D when compared with the controls and the type 2 diabetes group, while the proportion of naïve B cells was decreased in the new-onset T1D group relative to the controls (Fig. 1C to F). The gene discussed is CD38; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.