TNFα initially was noted for its cytotoxic effects on tumor cells; however, further studies elucidated both apoptotic and anti-apoptotic functions in the context of inflammatory responses.55, 56, 57, 58 The secretion of TNFα is provided primarily by macrophages and follicular dendritic reticulum cells, mast cells, and lymphocytes.55 The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is neoplasm.