PHGDH and breast carcinoma: Of particular, the EGF-associated signaling pathways that include SRC family kinases, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), and protein kinase B (AKT) pathways have been functionally associated with glucose metabolism and serine biosynthesis, for example, by driving the activation of PFK (11, 12, 13), hexokinase (9, 14) and phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (15) or the inhibition of pyruvate kinase (8, 16) in various cancer cells, as well as by promoting the upregulation of phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) particularly in breast cancer cells (16, 17).