Specifically, PDLIM2 expression was correlated with monocyte markers (CD86, CSF1R), TAM markers (CCL2, IL-10), and M2 markers (CD163, VSIG4, MS4A4A) in BLCA, suggesting that PDLIM2 regulates macrophage differentiation and leads to poor prognosis. Here, MS4A4A is linked to bladder transitional cell carcinoma.