All three cohorts examined ALT in a cross-sectional manner at a single timepoint, however these previous cohorts were younger (mean ages being; 43–46 years in AHS, 52yrs in Busselton, 60yrs in AusDiab), with fewer participants with diabetes (4.3–6.9% in AHS vs 10% in AusDiab), or obesity (17% in Busselton vs 27% in AusDiab), all factors likely to affect the frequency of ALT elevation in each cohort. This evidence concerns the gene GPT and obesity disorder.