CD8A and renal cell carcinoma: Immunotherapy has brought hope to patients with advanced RCC while the majority of patients still do not have durable responses to these agents,7–9 33 and efficacy has been compromised in cases where CD8+ T cells infiltration is low.15 47 48 In such cases, combination therapy strategies could be envisaged to both increase the CD8+ T cells infiltration and stimulate preexisting immune cell function.