TNF and hereditary pheochromocytoma-paraganglioma: In the Aβ (25-35) treated PC12 cells (a clonal cell line from an induced, transplantable rat pheochromocytoma), treatment with 1,8-cineole lowered the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β and the expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-2, COX-2 and NF-κB indicating its protective effects and potential benefits in neurodegenerative disease [74].