TSC1/TSC2-mutant NSCLC had significantly higher PD-L1–positive [tumor proportion score (TPS) ≥ 1%] rate (19 of 38, 50.0%) compared with that of TSC1/TSC2-WT tumors (255 of 827, 30.8%), while the rate of PD-L1–positive in TSC1/TSC2-amplificated tumors was significantly lower (1 of 15, 6.7%), as shown in Fig. 3A. Here, TSC1 is linked to neoplasm.