TSC1 and neoplasm: TSC1/TSC2 mediate the cross-talk between phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase–AKT and liver kinase B1–adenosine 5′-monophosphate–activated protein kinase pathways, suppress mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling via the small guanosine triphosphatase Rheb, and function as tumor suppressors (7).