These mechanisms include inappropriate activation of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS), oxidative stress brought production of reactive oxygen species leading to endothelial dysfunction and impaired vasodilation.[27] Therefore, there is often an activated renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, in coexistent diabetes and hypertension that can impair responsiveness of blood pressure control to CCB. The gene discussed is REN; the disease is endothelial dysfunction.