GALM and galactosemia: Galactosemia results in the deficiency of enzymes in the Leloir pathway (Holden et al. 2003) including galactokinase (GALK1), galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (GALT), galactose mutarotase (GALM), or UDP-galactose 4′-epimerase (GALE), any of which can compromise the metabolism of galactose (Wada et al. 2019).