TGFB1 and malignant colon neoplasm: In the pathogenesis of colon cancer, there are also many genetic and epigenetic changes in proliferation signaling pathways and tumor suppressor genes, such as the WNT pathway, the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) pathway, the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase (AKT) pathway, the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, and the tumor protein p53 (TP53) pathway.