In aggressive myeloma cells, heparanase mediates the loss of nuclear SDC-1, enhancing HAT activity and resulting in upregulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression (Szatmári et al., 2017; Amin et al., 2020). This evidence concerns the gene MMP9 and plasma cell myeloma.