Moreover, it has been shown that macrophages are associated with the resistance of mice to the second infection by C. sinesis, which showed the decrease of IL-10 and IL-13 produced by M2 macrophages and increases of specific IgE, IgG1, and IgG2a levels in serum at 1 week or 4 weeks following re-infection (Kim et al., 2017b). This evidence concerns the gene IL13 and infection.