TNF and interstitial lung disease: First, plasma cells that secrete antibodies derive from B lymphocytes, while multiple studies have already demonstrated that anti-MDA5 autoantibodies are closely related to disease activity and ILD in patients with anti-MDA5 DM (64, 65); Secondly, B cell activating factor (BAFF) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily, playing a key role in the survival and balance of peripheral B cells and plasma cells.