After the establishment of humanized SLE mice with i.p. injection of 2–5×107 PBMCs from patients with SLE into SCID mice (5–7 weeks old), antibodies against human anti-Ro, anti-RNP, and anti-La in serum could be detected at 4–6 weeks after transplantation (34). This evidence concerns the gene CALR and systemic lupus erythematosus.