Since radical surgery is among the most important treatments for early NSCLC, we profiled the leukocyte subsets in paired PB of 29 patients with early NSCLC and found that surgery further decreased the percentage of total lymphocytes, CD3+ T cells, HLA-DR− CD3+ T cells, and CD4+ T cells in the PB of postsurgery patients. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.