Previous studies identified that obesity-associated insulin resistance enhanced TGF-β expression, which played an important role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis (Spencer et al., 2010; Mayer et al., 2012; Asghar and Sheikh, 2017; Park et al., 2019). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.