However, clinical studies have shown that patients with increased CD8+ T cell infiltration and high PD-L1 positivity in HCC are more sensitive to anti-PD1 therapy and have a significantly improved disease control rate, which is significantly associated with prolonged PFS and OS (Aguiar et al., 2018; Han et al., 2019; Morita et al., 2021). The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.