The meta-analysis conducted using a random-effects model showed that the incidence of NEC, BPD/CLD, IVH, ROP, sCr, and ALT were not significantly different between two treatments (p > 0.05); oral acetaminophen caused significantly decreased rates of GIB/OB positivity and oliguria compared with oral ibuprofen (p < 0.05) (Table 3; Figures 5, 6). Here, GPT is linked to necrotizing enterocolitis.