Of note, we observed increased peripheral IGFBP3 in patients with established T1D, in those with new-onset T1D, and, although to a lesser extent, in those at risk for developing the disease (based on the detection of one or more anti-islet autoantibodies) as compared to non-diabetic healthy volunteers (Fig. 2a and Supplementary Table 1). The gene discussed is IGFBP3; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.