IGFBP3 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: In order to understand the basis for increased production of IGFBP3, which is primarily released by the liver, we cultured a human hepatocytes-derived cell line (Huh7) in vitro with sera of diabetic T1D or T2D patients in place of regular FBS and demonstrated increased secretion of IGFBP3 as compared to IGFBP3 levels measured in the culture of hepatocytes exposed to sera obtained from healthy volunteers (CTRL) or to high-glucose medium (Supplementary Fig. 2j).