The same protective effect is observed in a murine model of rheumatoid arthritis where a preestablished Schistosoma infection causes a downregulation of the level of anticollagen IgG, IFN-γ, IL-17A, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and an upregulation of IL-4 [82]. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and rheumatoid arthritis.