INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Accordingly, inhibition of the inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa (IKK)/nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) and inflammasome pathways can prevent weight gain, and restore insulin sensitivity in different obesity models (Hirosumi et al., 2002; Vandanmagsar et al., 2011; Yuan et al., 2001).