In another study on hemorrhage-induced septic ALI, intratracheal instillation of siRNA 4 h after hemorrhagic shock and sepsis induction to silence local Fas in the lung showed markedly decreased levels of cytokines, such as TNFα, IL-6, and IL-10, and caspase 3 activity, indicating a protective effect by blocking Fas/FasL (Perl et al., 2005). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is acute respiratory distress syndrome.