High concentrations of cytokines, such as IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6, and IL-8, are detected in plasma and BAL fluids and are associated with poor clinical outcomes of ARDS, such as mortality rate (Pugin et al., 1996; Parsons et al., 2005; McClintock et al., 2008). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is acute respiratory distress syndrome.