Since both p.a. and i.v. routes of MBV administration promote the development of these CD43hi/His48lo and CD206+(M2-like) monocyte population, the increased presence of these nonclassical CD43hi/His48lo/CD206+ monocytes may play an important role in the mitigation of pristane-induced arthritis observed in the present study. The gene discussed is MRC1; the disease is arthritic joint disease.