Our cell profile segmentation workflow (see Methods and Fig. 1b) on the temporal neocortex of n = 7 CTRL and n = 7 AD subjects rendered a total of 5172 ALDH1L1+ astrocytes (CTRL: 320 [194–552]; AD: 355 [258–747], median [range]) and 6226 IBA1+ microglial profiles (CTRL: 407 [227–716]; AD: 484 [146–663], median [range]), which were included in subsequent analyses. The gene discussed is ALDH1L1; the disease is Alzheimer disease.