Of the three genes ABCB1, ABCC1 and ABCG2, coding for the multi-drug transporters MDR1, MRP and BCRP, ABCB1 was upregulated in PAC metastasis and TCC, while ABCG2 was downregulated in PAC and PAC metastasis. Here, ABCC1 is linked to tarsal-carpal coalition syndrome.