Intriguingly, an ELISA measurement of the abundance of cGAMP in the homogenates of liver revealed that schistosome infection caused an elevation of cGAMP in the liver, which reached a peak at 4 weeks post infection (Fig 3F), coincident with the expression pattern of IFNβ in the liver (Fig 3A and 3C). Here, IFNB1 is linked to infection.