For non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), representing 85% of all lung cancer cases, several new treatment alternatives have emerged during recent years and may now include, for example, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, targeting tumor-specific mutations/fusion genes, or inhibitors of the immune checkpoint molecules PD1/PD-L1 (programmed death-ligand 1). The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is neoplasm.