Using MTH1 siRNA as a non-targeted therapeutic agent60 (see Supplementary Information, section ‘siRNA Transfection’, and Supplementary Figs. 69–71), whole-body EGFR activity was evaluated by ETTE probe in mice, and the afterglow signal in the tumor area was quantitatively calculated (Supplementary Figs. 72 and 73). Here, EGFR is linked to neoplasm.